Название: Artifictional Intelligence: Against Humanity's Surrender to Computers Автор: Harry Collins Издательство: Polity Press ISBN: 1509504117 Год: 2018 Страниц: 232 Язык: английский Формат: epub, rtf, pdf (conv) Размер: 10.1 MB
Recent startling successes in machine intelligence using a technique called ‘deep learning’ seem to blur the line between human and machine as never before. Are computers on the cusp of becoming so intelligent that they will render humans obsolete? Harry Collins argues we are getting ahead of ourselves, caught up in images of a fantastical future dreamt up in fictional portrayals. The greater present danger is that we lose sight of the very real limitations of artificial intelligence and readily enslave ourselves to stupid computers: the ‘Surrender’.
By dissecting the intricacies of language use and meaning, Collins shows how far we have to go before we cannot distinguish between the social understanding of humans and computers. When the stakes are so high, we need to set the bar higher: to rethink ‘intelligence’ and recognize its inherent social basis. Only if machine learning succeeds on this count can we congratulate ourselves on having produced artificial intelligence.
• Acknowledgements • 1. Computers in Social Life and the Danger of the Surrender • Language, intelligence and embedding in society • Two principles of AI: rules, patterns and precedents • Artifictional intelligence • 2. Expertise and Writing about AI: Some Reflections on the Project • What do I mean by ‘cannot’? • Expertises and academics • Artificial intelligence belief • AI expertise • The future and points of principle • 3. Language and ‘Repair’ • How misspellings and the like are dealt with by humans • The centrality of language • Getting language into computers and the Chinese Room • Have the problems been solved? • The Turing Test and its complexities • 4. Humans, Social Contexts and Bodies • How do humans come to understand context? • The problem of a non-embedded sociology • The Imitation Game and interactional expertise • Mimeomorphic and polimorphic actions • The body and artificial intelligence • 5. Six Levels of Artificial Intelligence • Level I of artificial intelligence: Engineered intelligence • Level II of artificial intelligence: Asymmetrical prostheses • Level III of artificial intelligence: Symmetrical culture-consumers • Level IV of artificial intelligence: Humanity-challenging culture-consumers • Level V of artificial intelligence: Autonomous human-like societies • Level VI of artificial intelligence: Autonomous alien societies • Concluding remarks • 6. Deep Learning: Precedent-Based, Pattern-Recognizing Computers • Extended Moore’s Law • Neural nets and their successors • Pattern recognition: Bottom-up, top-down and the sociology of knowledge • Elements of pattern recognition • More on bottom-up and top-down • 7. Kurzweil’s Brain and the Sociology of Knowledge • 8. How Humans Learn What Computers Can’t • A human learns from human culture • Interim conclusion: What this study of human interaction means for AI • The stubborn but strangely overlooked problem of AI • Small groups, trust and the body • 9. Two Models of Artificial Intelligence and the Way Forward • The body revisited • The internet and human culture formation • The new artificial intelligence and a new relationship • 10. The Editing Test and Other New Versions of the Turing Test • The editing test and its advantages • Appendix 1: How the Internet Works Today • Appendix 2: Little Dogs • References • Index
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Название: Artifictional Intelligence: Against Humanity's Surrender to Computers 